Niederlande:

Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch (Vught)

und Polizeidurchgangslager Amersfoort

 

 

Übersicht:

 

            2000

 

            August 2000

-          National Monument of Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch, 08.2000:

 Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort (PDA)

-          National Monument of Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch, 08.2000:

Concentration camp Vught

 

Mai 2000

-          Berliner Morgenpost, 12.05.2000: Leo van Deene überlebte Vught und Sachsenhausen /

      Ehemaliger KZ-Häfting setzt sich für deutsch-holländische Freundschaft ein

 

 

            1964

 

            Januar 1964

-          Schwurgericht beim Landgericht München I, 22.01.1964: 1 StR 215/64 /

Auszug aus dem Urteil (Freispruch) gegen den ehemaligen SS-Sturmbannführer Erich Deppner:

„ ... wurden die Gefangenen durch Schüsse in den Hinterkopf

 – die Maschinenpistolen waren auf Einzelfeuer eingestellt – getötet.“

Erschießung von mindestens 65 sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen im Polizeilichen Durchgangslager

      (PDL) Amersfoort am 05. April 1942 unter Mitwirkung von Karl Friedrich Titho /

 

 

1951

 

            Januar 1951

-     BG / BS Utrecht, 24.05.1951: ... wegen Kriegsverbrechen 6 Jahre Freiheitsstrafe 

      -     BG / BS Utrecht, 21.05.1951: ... wegen Kriegsverbrechen 1 Jahr Freiheitsstrafe    

 

 

2000

 

 

August 2000

 

       National Monument of Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch, 08.2000

 

Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort (PDA)

 

In 1939 the Dutch Army Command gave orders to build army barracks on the moor of Leusden. These barracks were erected on the outskirts of Amersfoort, along a sandy road leading into the direction of Maarn/Doorn. Its purpose was to provide lodging for and give support to members of an artillery corps that was carrying out maneuvers in the area. Briefly this camp site was in use by the military until the outbreak of war.

Following surrender, the barracks were not used again until 18 August 1941 when the Nazis decided to use them for police custody purpose and for the round-up of Jews living in region Amersfoort. Its use can be divided into two stages. The first stage was from August 1941 until March of 1943. During this time some 9,000 prisoners were incarcerated in Camp Amersfoort. The first 450 inmates transfers from Camp Schoorl which had been closed as of the end of October 1941.

In the early stages of Nazi measures against the Jewish people, Camp Amersfoort was also used to confine and then deport the Jews of Amersfoort. In 1941, eight hundred and twenty Jews lived in and around the city. The municipality at first resisted anti-Jewish measures, but could not prevent the removal of Jews from Amersfoort's economic and cultural life. By 22 April 1943 most of the Jewish population was transferred from Camp Amersfoort to Camp Vught, another notorious Nazi camp in the Netherlands. From there most were deported via Camp Westerbork to Poland for extermination.

Between the first and the second stage was a brief period in which the camp underwent construction changes. During the second stage, between June 1943 and 19 April 1945, more than 28,000 people were imprisoned in Camp Amersfoort at one time or another. During the second stage Camp Amersfoort began to function as a Polizeiliches Durchgangslager for the SS because more than 20,000 inmates passed through Camp Amersfoort on their way to concentration camps located in Nazi Germany.

 

Two types of SS were engaged in the Camp; camp SS and SS guards. The camp-SS was in charge of organization and wrote policy procedures for Camp Amersfoort. The first camp commander was SS-Obersturmführer (First Lieutenant in the SS) Walter Heinrich. As a policeman he had little experience with the internal running of a concentration camp. However, he had two former Dachau SS guards, SS-ers Berg (not the same as Karl Peter Berg) and Petri, on staff who taught him the lessons they themselves had learned while stationed in that notorious camp. Heinrich also attracted two men who had served the Nazi cause as commanders in Camp Schoorl. They were SS-Schutzhaftlagerführer I (First SS-Protective Custody camp comman- der) Hans Cornelis Stöver and his side-kick SS-Schutzhaftlagerführer II (Second SS-Protective Custody camp commander) Karl Peter Berg. The latter would succeed Heinrich as commander instead of Stöver.

 

 

The Camp was guarded by the Stabkompanie beim höheren SS- und Polizeiführer Nord-West (Staff company by order of the higher SS and commander of Police North-West), known as the SS guards. The first commander of the Stabkompanie was SS-Hauptsturmführer (Captain in the SS) Dr. Alphons Brendel. He was succeeded by SS-Hauptsturmführer (Captain in the SS) Paul Anton Helle. For greater detail regarding the activities of SS personnel at Camp Amersfoort click here.

Initially Camp Amersfoort was made up of 17 barracks constructed from wood. Each of the barracks was 60 meters or 196.8 ft in length. Five of these barracks were occupied by prisoners to whom 3-tier beds were assigned leaving little space for tables or benches. Later, in 1942, the SD gave orders to enlarge the camp and 10 additional large stone facilities, as well as barracks and sheds to accommodate workshops, were built. Whereas only a maximum of 600 prisoners were meant to be housed in the wooden barracks, in reality over 4,000 were locked up at times. As a result, contagious diseases such as dysentery and typhus, but also pneumonia and lice infestation were rampant.

A minimum of 658 prisoners is known to have lost their lives in Amersfoort of which 428 were executed by firing squad. There is, however, strong indication that these figures are incomplete. In reality there may have been many more prisoners who perished in Amersfoort. Just before the end of the war the Nazis destroyed almost all camp administration and documentation in order to get rid of incriminating evidence.

Most prisoners were male, coming from various groups forbidden or blacklisted by the Nazis. They were Roma or Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, illegal butchers, black marketers, those who had committed economical offenses (according to Nazi standards). Included also were several arrested freedom fighters, Jews, some Protestant and Roman Catholic clergy, political prisoners and hostages. Each group could be recognized by the color of the triangle sewn onto the prison tunic. Moreover, each prisoner had his prison number sewn onto his prison tunic and trousers.

 

 

SS-Unterschutzhaftlagerführer Joseph Johann Kotälla, who mistreated prisoners with the utmost of cruelty, was a barbaric man. Before the war, in 1938, he was diagnosed as mentally disturbed. In Amersfoort he shone as the sadistic ruler who personally and with great pleasure horribly mistreated prisoners. Kotälla was responsible for the cruel regime waged in Camp Amersfoort. Systematic starvation, repulsive ill-treatment of all prisoners and the abominable method by which some of the prisoners, in particular Jews and Russian prisoners of war, were murdered were daily occurrence. The “Rose Garden” was invented by him. It was an oblong area designed for punishment. The ground was loose sand at the outer edges surrounded by concrete posts to which rolls of barbed wire were connected. In this place of torture prisoners were forced to stand still and erect between 24 to 48 hours without the benefit of food or drink.

 

 

Then there was “The Bunker.” It consisted of twenty-two death cells, also referred as the portal of death. Prisoners disappeared here Im Nacht und Nebel - in Night and Fog. The only person ever to miraculously escape from this place was the freedom fighter Gerrit Kleinveld. The movie “The Bunker” was made to commemorate his escape. Kleinveld was imprisoned from 22 December 1942 until 1 March 1943, the day of his escape and one day before his scheduled execution, because of his involvement with several resistance groups. Among others he was the founder as well as a member of the R.V.V. - Raad Van Verzet (Council of Resistance). He also was actively involved with several other resistance organizations. “The Bunker” was built half a meter or almost twenty inches below ground level. The two torturers Franska and Ritter practically had free rein in “The Bunker.”

 

 

The Schieszstandcommando (the Rifle-Range Commando) was a notorious penal commando charged with the most difficult kind of work assignment. This commando was predominantly made up of Jews. In stead of shovels they were forced to use wooden planks. With these they had to dig the future rifle-range that measured 350 meter long and 5 meter deep (1148 ft long and 16.4 ft deep). The work was carried out under the threat of whips and bludgeons. Much blood was shed in this place. Many people succumbed to heavy work demands. Circumstances were always bad, such as hunger and thirst. Once the rifle-range was completed it was also used for executions. Many were executed here.

For instance, on 5 March 1945 the Nazis retaliated when the Dutch underground failed in its attempt to assassinate SS General Hanns Rauter near the Woeste Hoeve outside Apeldoorn. They first executed 49 men at the Rifle-Range in Amersfoort. Four days later one more person was shot at the same place to round off the total at 50. Today a statue of “The Stenen Man” (the Stone Man) is erected on the precise place where the murders took place. The statue of “The Stone Man” was designed by Frits Sieger and unveiled in May of 1953. The official name for the statue is “Prisoner in front of the execution peleton.”

 

 

After the war seven mass graves were found alongside the rifle-range by the criminal investigation and identification department of Amersfoort. “The Mortuary” was sometimes used to temporarily store deceased prisoners for possible transport back to family. However, more than often victims were placed in a mass graves somewhere in a remote area. The bodies were totally covered with quicklime in an attempt to erase all evidence. Most victims died in the second year of the war. After the war an additional 59 mass graves were discovered by Mr. Gerrit Kleinveld, who was mentioned earlier as the only escapee from “the Bunker.” Kleinveld put pressure on former Commander Berg to divulge the location of these mass graves. For his war crimes, Berg was sentenced to death in 1948 His death sentence was carried out in 1949. Ironically, Berg tricked his executioners by shouting "fire." He died instantly of these premature shots.

 

 

Finally, 101 Russian POWs were sent to Camp Amersfoort on 27 September 1941. Together with the transfers from Camp Schoorl and the incarcerated Jews these Russian POWs made up the first internees of the camp. When they arrived in Amersfoort they were marched through town to show the people how primitive and barbaric Russians (communists!!) were, but the town people recognized the diabolic Nazi plan. Many gave bread and other food to the prisoners. While incarcerated, twenty-two Russians died of dysentery and willful starvation. Two Russian POWs were ordered killed by the Dutch camp doctor van Nieuwenhuysen, a Nazi sympathizer and collaborator. The skulls of these two victims were placed as trophies on his desk.

On 9 April 1942, the remaining 77 Russian soldiers were liquidated by the SS. They were killed receiving fatal neck shots. Before the execution the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) (Security police) had organized a bacchanalia (drunken orgy) in the SS canteen. The murdered Russian prisoners were temporarily re-buried in the summer of 1945. Later their bodies were again exhumed and this time transferred to a cemetery called “Rusthof” (Garden of Rest). Finally they were re-burried in the Russian Honor Field which was created in 1947/1948, where to date 865 Soviet war victims rest.

Along the Appelweg, outside the camp, stood a large tree. Its branches leaned over the barbed wire inside the camp grounds. Many prisoners dreamed of grabbing its branches and catapulting themselves across the fence making a clean escape. That tree stood for many years. Even after it had died it remained as a silent witness to the atrocities that were committed in Camp Amersfoort. Unfortunately, on 25 October 2000 that tree toppled. Many former inmates looked upon that day as a day of mourning because the tree was viewed by them as a type of monument You see, just beyond that tree, in January 1945, the Nazis buried a man alive. His name was Joop Swaanswijk, a radio operator. He too had been a member of the R.V.V. - Raad Van Verzet (Council of Resistance). After the war he received proper burial.

When the camp was liberated between 475 and 500 survivors were counted. Few of these were Jews.

 

 

 

 

National  Monument of Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch, 08.2000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Concentration camp Vught

 

Vught officially was called Konzentrationslager-KL Herzogenbosch (Concentration Camp 'sHertogenbosch). Its first inmates arrived on 13 January 1943. They came from concentration camp Amersfoort were they had been badly mistreated. The evidence was in the condition they were in when they arrived. What awaited them was an even worse nightmare. The first Jewish prisoners, textile and diamond workers, arrived three days later.

The first commandant of the camp was an SS Captain named Karl Chmilewski.This SS Officer had earned his badge of cruelty and disgrace. He was well known for the barbaric atrocities he had committed while serving at Gusen, a notorious Nazi camp annex of Mauthausen. Mauthausen ranked among the most brutal of the Nazi camps. In October 1943 he was superseded by a new commandant whose name was Grünewald. He too was an SS Officer. He was again replaced by SS Officer Huttig in February 1944.

Originally, Vught was divided into two sections. The first section, JDL - Judendurchgangslager (Transit Camp for Jews), was designed to house Jewish inmates before they were deported to Poland. These transfers were carried out in two stages. First they were moved from Vught to Westerbork. Next, they were sent from Westerbork to either the extermination camp of Auschwitz/Birkenau or Sobibor. Approximately twelve thousand Jews including two thousand children under the age of sixteen passed through Vught to either Westerbork or, as in two instances, directly to Polen. The transfer of Jewish prisoners to Westerbork hardly ever created panic. Because of separation from father or mother children often felt deserted though. Treatment in Vught had been barbaric. Many who were transferred thought that they would stay permanently in Westerbork. That in itself was a consolation of sorts. They did not realize that Westerbork was but a portal, a holding place prior to deportation and ultimate extermination in either Birkenau or Sobibor.

The second section of Vught served as Schutzhaftlager (Security Camp). This section received Dutch as well as Belgian political prisoners, both men and women. Unlike Westerbork and Ommen, the guards were exclusively drawn from the SS. Food was nearly non-existent. It basically consisted of warm water with some carrots or sauerkraut floating on the surface. The SS guards tortured the prisoners with incredible cruelty often beating them to death. Several prisoners were brutalized with a club wrapped with barbed wire. SS men often provoked their dogs to attack the prisoners. Several former inmates gave testimony how attacks by dogs had left them with horribly inflicted wounds, including wounds to the genitals. Hundreds of Dutch and Belgian prisoners were executed by firing squad in a place called De Ijzeren Man (The Iron Man). This place was located approximately half a mile outside camp perimeter.

Two more sections were added in May and August 1943 respectively. In May Frauenkonzentrationslager, FKL (Women's Concentration Camp) and Polizeiliches Durchgangslager, PDL (Police Transit Camp) were added. The latter were detained as hostages. Many were shot by firing squad in retaliation for acts of sabotage committed by underground fighters or partisans.

Like most other Nazi concentration camps Vught too had its own gallows and crematorium. Seven hundred and forty seven prisioners, among which many Jews, who perished in Vught between 1943 and 1944. In September 1943, the gallows were used for the executions of twenty Belgian prisoners. There were several convoys sent directly from Vught to major camps located in Germany and Poland. Most Jewish prisoners were deported via Westerbork. For instance, the most notorious of all transports that left Vught for Westerbork took place on 5 June 1943. Its ultimate destination was the extermination center at Sobibor. It consisted of twelve hundred and sixty-six children under the age of sixteen. More deportation followed. The ghastly transports brought adult Jews, sometimes whole families, to death camps in eastern Poland in November 1943 and June 1944. In July 1944, as Allied forces approached, the number of executions in- creased dramatically.

The 4th Canadian Armor Division, and the 96th Battery of the 5th Anti -Tank Division were the Allied forces to liberate Vught. Canadians troops came to the barbed wire fence fighting the Nazi SS rear guard. The Germans had evacuated the camp but they had left this rear guard action to stall the Canadian troops. As the Canadian troops entered the camp and moved into the courtyard they found five hundred bodies. These were the prisoners who had been executed that morning. Between five to six hundred prisoners barely alive had been earmarked for execution that afternoon. Instead, Canadian soldiers arrived and the hapless victims were spared. The inmates were physically and mentally in a most horrible state. They were starving, ill, and in general were badly mistreated. When the Canadians arrived they were scattered in the courtyard. They had not sought cover while the fighting was going on.

The National Monument Konzentrationslager Hertogenbusch (Concentration Camp Vught) was opened on 18 April 1990 at the exact location where the former concentration camp of Vught
(Site in English) or (Site in Dutch) once stood.

The museum is open to the public from:
Tuesday through Friday from 10.00 AM until 17.00 PM
Saturday through Monday from 12.00 Noon until 17.00 PM
Tel: From North America: 011-31-73-656-67-64
Tel: In the Netherlands: (073) 656-67-64

 

 

 

 

zurück zur übersicht  

Mai 2000

 

„Berliner Morgenpost“, 12.05.2000

 

Leo van Deene überlebte Vught und Sachsenhausen

Ehemaliger KZ-Häftling setzt sich für deutsch-holländische Freundschaft ein

hajo Vught - Henk Verzantvoort freut sich, wenn deutsche Besucher zum «Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught» kommen. Der Vorruheständler betreut mit weiteren Freunden die KZ-Gedenkstätte, die 1990 am früheren Standort des Todeslagers in der Vughter Heide eingeweiht wurde, als Erklärer.

Besonders Jugendlichen will der Senior, der in der Gedenkstätte kostenlos arbeitet, die Geschichte nahe bringen: «Deutsche und Niederländer müssen Freundschaft halten. Sie dürfen aber nicht vergessen, was geschehen ist, und sie müssen daraus den Schluss ziehen, dass sich so etwas nie wiederholen darf.»

Vom 1942 eingerichteten einen Kilometer langen und 300 Meter breiten Lager, das mit doppeltem Stacheldraht und einem tiefen Graben gesichert sowie von 23 Posten bewacht wurde, stehen heute nur noch der Krematoriumsbau mit Selektionsgebäude und der Zellenbau. Das Lager ist im Profil verkleinert in der Gedenkstätte nachgestaltet worden. Es zeigt die Lage der früheren 36 Wohnbaracken, 23 Arbeitshäuser, das Aufnahmegebäude, die Küche, den Bunker als Arrestgebäude sowie den Bau mit 150 Zellen, das Krankengebäude sowie das Krematorium. In einer Zelle, neun Quadratmeter groß, hatten die Nazis eine Nacht lang 70 Frauen eingepfercht. Eine Gedenktafel erinnert daran, dass zehn Frauen diese Tortur nicht überlebten.

Vught war das einzige Konzentrationslager außerhalb des Deutschen Reiches und wurde offiziell «KL Herzogenbusch» genannt. 1943 hatte der Konzern «Philips» im Lager Arbeitsbaracken für 1200 Häftlinge bauen lassen. Als die Alliierten 1944 heranrückten, wurden 2800 männliche Häftlinge nach Sachsenhausen deportiert und 650 weibliche Insassen nach Ravensbrück gebracht.

Einer der Überlebenden, Leo van Deene, gehört als Niederländer zum Internationalen Lagerkomitee von Sachsenhausen. Er hat die Städtepartnerschaft mit angestrebt. Heute gegen 17 Uhr nimmt er in der Delegation von Vught an einer Kranzniederlegung in Sachsenhausen teil.

 

  zurück zur übersicht

 

1964

Januar 1964

Schwurgericht beim Landgericht München I, 22.01.1964

 

 

„ ... wurden die Gefangen durch  Schüsse in den Hinterkopf

- die Maschinenpistolen waren auf Einzelfeuer eingestellt – getötet.“

 

Erschießung von mindestens 65 sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen

 im Polizeilichen Durchgangslager Amersfoort am 05. April 1942 unter

 Mitwirkung von Karl Friedrich Titho.

 

Auszug aus dem Freispruch (Freispruch) gegen

den ehemaligen SS-Sturmbannführer Erich Deppner

 

- 1 StR 215/64 -

 

 

Vorbemerkungen der AG Fossoli:

 

1.) Quelle: „Justiz und NS-Verbrechen / Sammlung deutscher Strafurteile wegen nationalsozialistischer Tötungsverbrechen 1945 – 1966 /

Band XIX / Die vom 10.01.1963 bis zum 12.04.1964 ergangenen Strafurteile / Lfd. Nr. 547 – 569“

Diese Sammlung kann nur komplett (incl. CD-ROM) erworben werden. Sie ist aber in diversen Bibliotheken (über Fernleihe) einsehbar. Wer Interesse an dem vollständigen Text dieses Verfahrens, einschließlich der BGH-Bestätigung vom 28.07.1964, hat, kann diesen über die AG Fossoli in Ablichtung (Kopie) beziehen.

 

2.) Titho, der als Zeuge (objektiv betrachtet: als Entlastungszeuge der Verteidigung) in München aussagte, wird an folgenden Stellen im LG-Urteil (Seitenzahl nach „Justiz und NS-Verbrechen“, Lfd. Nr. 563) erwähnt:

-         II., 2., S. 691 (Aushebung der Grube),

-         II., 3., S. 691 (Steuerung eines der beiden Lastkraftwagen mit den Kriegsgefangenen),

-         II., 3., S. 691 (Auswahl zum Erschießungskommando),

-         IV., S. 693 (Zeugenaussage zum Tatgeschehen);

-         V., 3., c., S. 695 (Zeugenaussage zur Erschießung als „Repressalie“),

-         V., 3., d., S. 695, 696 (Verweis auf den Prozess gegen Titho am 24.05.1951),

-         V., 3., e., S. 696 (Zeugenaussage zur Begründung der Erschießung).

Hier wird nur aus der Seite 691 zitiert (s.u.).

 

3.) Bei „D.“ handelt es sich um den SS-Sturmbannführer Erich Deppner, zur Tatzeit Chef der Abteilung IV (Gegner und Abwehr) beim BdS („Dienststelle Befehlshaber der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD in den besetzten Niederlanden“) in Den Haag. Deppner, zeitweise auch Kommandant des Judendurchgangslager Westerbork (Raul Hilberg: „Die Vernichtung der europäischen Juden“, Frankfurt am Main 1994, S. 619), beging zahlreiche dokumentierte Kriegsverbrechen. So wurden z.B. 450 Widerstandskämpfer im September 1943 im Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch (Vught) ohne Gerichtsverfahren, aufgrund seiner Anordnung erschossen (Coenraad J.F. Stuldreher: „Deutsche Konzentrationslager in den Niederlanden“ in „Dachauer Hefte 5 – Die vergessenen Lager“, Dachau November 1989, S. 155). In seiner Vita (I., 1., LG München) ist davon nichts zu lesen, dafür aber: „Seit Anfang 1952 ist er als Industrie- und Wirtschaftsberater tätig.“

 

4.) Dem Erschießungskommando gehörten an (II., 3., LG München):

-         „Heinrich“: SS-Obersturmführer Walter Heinrich, zur Tatzeit Lagerkommandant des PDL, „seit dem Krieg vermisst“ (V., 3.).

-         „Berg“: „SS-Hauptscharführer Karl Peter Berg, zur Tatzeit erster Schutzhaftlagerführer des PDL. 1949 von einem niederländischen Sondergericht u.a. wegen dieser Tat zum Tode verurteilt.

-         „M.“: SS-Untersturmführer Ernst May, zur Tatzeit Kriminalbeamter unter Deppner. 1949 von einem niederländischen Sondergericht zu 10 Jahren Gefängnis verurteilt. Verstorben.

-         „T.“: SS-Oberscharführer Karl Friedrich Titho, zur Tatzeit erster Kraftfahrer des PDL. Persönlicher Fahrer des Befehlshaber BdS, SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei, Oberregierungsrat Dr. Wilhelm Harster. Wegen dieser Tat am 24.05.1951 von einem niederländischen Sondergericht in Utrecht zu sechs Jahren Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt. >Link: www.jur.uva.nl (Angeklagte)

 

 

Nun der Auszug:

 

2. ( ... )

Noch am gleichen Nachmittag begab sich D. zur Durchführung des ihm von Rauter erteilten Befehls in Begleitung des Untersturmführers M. und des SS-Oberscharführers K., der als Kraftfahrer notdienstverpflichtet und dem Befehlshaber der Sicherheitspolizei in den Niederlanden zur Dienstleitung zugeteilt war, mit dem Kraftwagen nach Amersfoort. Dort hatte der Lagerkommandant Heinrich auf Grund der vorangegangenen telefonischen Weisungen zwei seiner Untergebenen, den SS-Hauptscharführer Berg und den SS-Oberscharführer Titho, bereits damit beauftragt, in einem in der Nähe des Lagers gelegenen Waldgelände eine Grube in Ausmaß von 2 mal 4 Metern und einer Tiefe von 2 Metern auszuheben.

 

3.

In den frühen Morgenstunden des folgenden Tages wurden die noch am Leben befindlichen russischen Kriegsgefangenen (mindestens 65) mit zwei Lastkraftwagen, die von Titho und dem zufällig im Lager anwesenden SS-Oberscharführer J. gesteuert wurden, in das für die Durchführung der Exekution ausgewählte Waldgelände transportiert. Dort stellte der Angeklagte ein Erschießungskommando zusammen, das aus den SS-Führern Heinrich, Berg, M. und Titho bestand und mit Maschinengewehren ausgerüstet war. Dann wurden die kriegsgefangenen Russen, vermutlich von Berg, jeweils in Gruppen, die der Stärke des Hinrichtungspelotons entsprachen, von dem in der Nähe der Erschießungsgrube gelegenen Standplatz der Transportfahrzeuge an die Exekutionsstätte herangeführt. Dort mussten sie, die sich in einem Zustand der völligen Apathie befanden, sich am Rande der Grube aufstellen, den Rücken dem Erschießungskommando zugekehrt, das in etwa 6 bis 8 Metern hinter der aufgeworfenen Erde Aufstellung nahm. Auf die Feuerkommandos des Angeklagten wurden die Gefangenen durch Schüsse in den Hinterkopf – die Maschinenpistolen waren auf Einzelfeuer eingestellt – getötet. Bei jeder Gruppe überzeugte sich der Angeklagte vom Eintritt des Todes. In Zweifelsfällen gab er M. den Befehl, Nachschüsse zu erteilen; in ein bis zwei Fällen besorgte er die Abgabe von Nachschüssen selbst. Bevor die nächste Gruppe von Gefangenen herangebracht wurde, deckte man die Leichen jeweils mit einer Schicht Erde ab.

Nach Abschluss der Exekution, die sich über mehrere Stunden hinzog, ...

 

zurück zur übersicht 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1951

 

Mai 1951

 

 

BG / BS Utrecht, 21.05.1951

 

... wegen Kriegsverbrechen 1 Jahr Freiheitstrafe

 

Quelle:                                                           Redaktion Justiz und NS-Verbrechen /

Verfahren lfd. Nr. NL237   

  

Tatkomplex:                                                  NS-Gewaltverbrechen in Haftstätten

 

Angeklagter:                                                 Titho, Karl Friedrich, geb. 14.05.1911 in Veldrom

 / Lippe wegen Kriegsverbrechen (Art. 27a BBS)

1 Jahr Freiheitsstrafe

 

Gerichtsentscheidung:                                BG / BS Utrecht vom 21.05.1951

 

Tatland:                                                         Niederlande

 

Tatort:                                                            Konzentrationslager Vught

 

Tatzeit:                                                          1943

 

Opfer:                                                            Häftlinge

 

Nationalität:                                                  Niederländische

 

Dienststelle:                                                 Haftstättenpersonal

Konzentrationslager Vught

 

Verfahrensgegenstand:                              Misshandlung von Häftlingen

 

Nach Deutschland abgeschoben:             29.03.1953

           

Urteil veröffentlicht:                                      Nein

 

Sonstige Hinweise:                                     Siehe auch das Urteil

./. Titho BG / BS Utrecht, 24.05.1951

 

Quellenverweis:                                           www.jur.uva.nl

 

 

 

 

 

 

BG / BS Utrecht, 24.05.1951

 

... wegen Kriegsverbrechen 6 Jahre Freiheitsstrafe

 

Quelle:                                                           Redaktion Justiz und Ns-Verbrechen /

Verfahren lfd. Nr. NL238

                                                    

Tatkomplex:                                                  Kriegsverbrechen 

                                          

Angeklagter:                                                 Titho, Karl Friedrich, geb. 14.05.1911 in Veldrom /

Lippe wg. Kriegsverbrechen (Art. 27a BBS)

6 Jahre Freiheitsstrafe

                                                                 

Gerichtsentscheidung:                                BG / BS Utrecht vom 24.05.1951

                          

Tatland:                                                         Niederlande   

                                                

Tatort:                                                            Polizeidurchgangslager Amersfoort    

                                        

Tatzeit:                                                          1942

 

Opfer:                                                            Kriegsgefangene

 

Nationalität:                                                  Sowjetische

 

Dienststelle:                                                 Haftstättenpersonal

Polizeidurchgangslager Amersfoort

 

Verfahrensgegenstand:                              Mitwirkung an der Erschießung

von 70 sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen

 

Nach Deutschland abgeschoben:             29.03.1953

 

Urteil veröffentlicht:                                      Nein

 

Sonstige Hinweise:                                     Siehe auch das Urteil

./. Titho BG / BS Utrecht, 21.05.1951 (NL237)

 

                                                                       Siehe auch Verfahren NL043 ./. Berg,

Verfahren NL200 ./. May

und JuNSV Lfd. Nr. 563 ./. Deppner

 

Quellenverweis:                                           www.jur.uva.nl